PART OF SPEECH
1. NOUN
Noun is the words that name a person, a place, a thing, or an idea.
SUFFIXES SIGNALS NOUN
a. …… ment
- development
- improvement
- achievement
- government
b. …… action
- information
- generation
- communication
- concentration
c. …… ition
- recognition
- repeatation
- actualization
d. …… al
- arrival
- denial
- proposal
e. …… ure
- departure
- pressure
f. …… ry
- delivery
- recovery
- discovery
g. …… sion
- confession
- possession
- decision
h. …… er
- writer
- washer
- driver
- singer
i. …… ist
- typist
- artist
- archeologist
j. …… or
- actor
- dictator
- narrator
- director
k. …… ian
- beautician
- librarian
- technician
l. …… ship
- relationship
- leadership
- ownership
- friendship
m. …… hood
- brotherhood
- motherhood
- childhood
n. ……. dom
- freedom
- kingdom
- boredom
o. …… age
- breakage
- shortage
- usage
KINDS OF NOUN
1. COMMON NOUN
Common noun is the names of a general name of noun.
- hospital
- bridge
- city
- lake
- country
- mountain
- beach, etc.
2. PROPER NOUN
Proper noun mentions a specific name of noun
- Sanglah
- Tukad Badung
- Denpasar
- Indonesia
- Beratan
- Toba
- Kuta, etc.
3. COLLECTIVE NOUN
Collective noun is a group of noun
- family
- band
- audience
- comitee
4. COMPOUN NOUN
Compound noun is made of two nouns
Noun + Noun = Compound Noun
- street boy
- traffic jam
- strawberry jam
- peanut butter
- street lamp
5. CONCRETE NOUN
Concrete noun is a noun that can be recognized by sense.
- smoke
- sweat
- sound
- smell
- appearance
6. ABSTRACT NOUN
Abstract noun is noun that describe quality or characteristic of noun
- happiness
- sadness
- darkness
- hunger
- thirst
- purity
7. UNCOUNTABLE NOUN
Uncountable noun is noun that cannot be counted. They don’t have a, an, one, u.c. and plural forms. The verb that follows must be singular
- some
- any
- much
- a lot of
2. ADVERB
Adverb is a word that modifies adjective, verb, adverb
- extremely
- dramatically
- tragically, etc.
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KINDS OF ADVERB
1. ADVERB OF TIME
a. point of time : yesterday, tomorrow, once upon a time, next week, this morning, now, last year, etc.
b. duration : approximately, temporary, in ten minutes, about, probably, perhaps, etc.
c. frequency : sometimes, always, often, sometimes. Yearly, monthly, usually, seldom, ever, never, etc.
2. ADVERB OF PLACE
a. adverb of place tells direction
- she goes to Denpasar
b. adverb of place tells position
- I am here for you
- She is waiting for you under the tree
3. ADVERB OF DEGRRE
- extremely
- very
- so
- warmly
- strongly
- widely
- truly
- absolutely
- really
4. ADVERB OF MANNER
Tells how or by what means something is done.
Ex:
- my boyfriend treats me kindly
- the lecturer explain the topic clearly
3. ADJECTIVE
Adjective is a word that modifies noun/ pronoun by limiting its meaning and change the meaning more specific.
ADJECTIVE POSITION
1. Adjective is placed before noun
- a good teacher
- a long leg
- a tame dog
2. Adjective is placed after noun + linking verb
Linking verb :
- am, is, are
- was, were
- be, been, being
- become
- turn
- look
- taste
- grow
- change
- seems
4. VERB
Verb is a word that showing noun doing.
1. action verb : showing an action (mental and physical)
2. helping verb : auxiliary verb (is verb that helping other verb to make interrogative and negative sentence)
tobe (be, being, been, is , am, are, was, were)
to do (do, does, did)
to have (has, have, had)
modals (can, could, must might, may, should, would, will, shall)
3. linking verb : verb that link subject/the main noun with other word of sentence.
a) to be
b) 11 words (appear, become, grow, feel, look, seem, stay, sound, smell, taste, remain)
5. PRONOUN
Pronoun is the words that take place the position of noun.
Personal pronoun | Possessive adjective | Possessive pronoun | Object | self |
He | His | His | Him | Himself |
She | Her | Hers | Her | Herself |
It | Its | Its | It | Itself |
I | My | Mine | Me | Myself |
You | Your | Yours | You | Yourself/yourselves |
They | Their | Theirs | Them | Themselves |
We | Our | Ours | Us | Ourselves |
6. PREPOSITON
Preposition exists to help express, space and other relationship of words.
1. Abroad : I will go abroad if I have enough money
2. Above : the birds flew above the tree
3. Among : I sit among Edward, Maya, and Christine.
4. After : I go to campus after breakfast.
5. Along : I walked along the sea shore
6. Against : tomorrow my basketball team fight against the strong opponent.
7. At : I will come at seven o’clock
8. About : she talked about her trouble.
9. Around : I put my scarf around my neck.
10. Beside : the girl beside him is my daughter.
11. Besides : I like English besides Germany, Japanese.
12. Because : I like him because she is clever
13. Because of : I’m here because of you.
14. Beyond : It is beyond my expectation.
15. Behind : she is standing behind the tree.
16. Below : the temperature is 300 C below zero.
17. Back : I put the bag back on me.
18. Before : I turn off the lamp before sleep.
19. Down : you make me falling down.
20. During : the students were in the canteen during the break time.
21. From : I got a message from my boyfriend.
22. For : I write a letter for you.
23. Inside : I go inside her bedroom
24. In : there are many people in the park
25. On : I was born on march 20th 1990.
26. Into : I cut you heart into pieces.
27. Near : the bank is near the restaurant
28. Of : the color of my t-shirt is the same with you.
29. Off : the plane took off two hours ago.
30. Over : he work over time last night.
31. Since : I have been working here since 2007.
32. Till : i don’t want to wait till tomorrow.
33. Through : I go to Denpasar through Soka street.
34. Throughout : Bali was famous throughout the world.
35. To : its is belong to you.
36. Toward : the car runs toward me.
37. Under : she is under pressure because of her step mother.
